So Many Seeds!

Seed packets provide a wealth of information, including all of the above. 

Let's consider these factors one at a time.

Planting depth. As a general rule of thumb, plant seeds about twice as deep as their width. A pea seed, measuring 1/4", should be planted about 1/2" deep, for example. But your best bet is to follow the planting instructions on the seed packet.

Light requirements. A few types of seeds need light to germinate. Of course this means you can't bury the seeds! Instead, simply press them onto the surface of moist soil mix. Other types of seeds need complete darkness, so you may want to cover the newly-planted container with moistened newspapers or cardboard. If there's no mention of light requirements on the seed packet, it's likely the seeds aren't fussy about this.

Germination time. Seeds can take anywhere from a few days to a month or more to germinate. Note this carefully for each variety, so you won't give up on seeds that have a longer germination time.

Pre-treatments. Some seeds -- especially those with hard seed coats such as morning glories -- will germinate faster if they are pre-treated. Treatments include soaking for several hours or nicking the seed coat with a file so it will more readily absorb water (called scarification). Another type of pre-treatment is a period of chilling (called stratification). Again, read the seed packet for special instructions.

Planting time. Germination and growth rates vary among different types of plants, and different plants may need to be set in the garden at different times. For example, broccoli can be set out a few weeks before the last frost date because it can withstand a few light frosts, while tomatoes are frost-tender. It’s helpful to create -- and follow -- a planting calendar before starting your seeds, or you may end up with large, pot-bound plants. Properly sized plants will transplant more readily and actually grow faster in the garden than oversized plants.