| Plant Habit: | Tree |
| Life cycle: | Perennial |
| Sun Requirements: | Full Sun Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Water Preferences: | Mesic |
| Soil pH Preferences: | Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0) Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5) Neutral (6.6 – 7.3) |
| Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 5a -28.9 °C (-20 °F) to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) |
| Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 9b |
| Plant Height: | 30-50 feet |
| Plant Spread: | 25-40 feet |
| Leaves: | Good fall color Deciduous Other: Dark, glossy green turning dark crimson-red to almost black in fall. |
| Fruit: | Showy Other: 1 to 1.5 inch hard, spiky green capsule maturing to brown. |
| Fruiting Time: | Late summer or early fall Fall Late fall or early winter Winter |
| Flowers: | Inconspicuous |
| Flower Color: | Other: Yellowish-green |
| Bloom Size: | Under 1" |
| Flower Time: | Spring |
| Suitable Locations: | Street Tree |
| Uses: | Shade Tree |
| Wildlife Attractant: | Bees |
| Resistances: | Deer Resistant Rabbit Resistant Pollution Humidity tolerant |
| Propagation: Other methods: | Cuttings: Stem |
| Containers: | Not suitable for containers |
| Awards and Recognitions: | RHS AGM |
