General Plant Information (Edit)
Plant Habit: Tree
Life cycle: Perennial
Sun Requirements: Full Sun
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Water Preferences: Wet
Wet Mesic
Mesic
Soil pH Preferences: Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0)
Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5)
Neutral (6.6 – 7.3)
Minimum cold hardiness: Zone 3 -40 °C (-40 °F) to -37.2 °C (-35)
Maximum recommended zone: Zone 7b
Plant Height: 40 to 60 feet, to 100 feet in it's native habitat.
Plant Spread: 20 to 40 feet
Leaves: Deciduous
Fruit: Edible to birds
Flower Color: Other: Male flowers are red, female flowers are purple
Bloom Size: Under 1"
Flower Time: Spring
Underground structures: Taproot
Suitable Locations: Bog gardening
Uses: Windbreak or Hedge
Provides winter interest
Erosion control
Will Naturalize
Useful for timber production
Dynamic Accumulator: Nitrogen fixer
Wildlife Attractant: Birds
Butterflies
Resistances: Humidity tolerant
Pollinators: Wind
Miscellaneous: Tolerates poor soil
Monoecious
Conservation status: Least Concern (LC)

Conservation status:
Conservation status: Least Concern
Image
Common names
  • European Alder
  • Black Alder
  • Common Alder
  • Alder

Photo Gallery
Location: Gallup Park, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date: 2020-10-16
This type of response to a growth impediment isn't unique to alde
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Botanical Garden near Brussels)
Date: 2022-10-17
Location: Gallup Park, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date: 2020-10-20
Female alder cones (aka strobiles), with a few male catkins in th
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Botanical Garden near Brussels)
Date: 2022-10-17
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Meise Botanical Garden)
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Meise Botanical Garden)
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Meise Botanical Garden)
Date: 2024-01-24
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Botanical Garden near Brussels)
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Botanical Garden near Brussels)
Date: 2022-10-17
Location: Nature reserve, Ghent, Belgium
Date: 2015-12-28
Location: Morpeth, Northumberland UK
Date: 2023-07-25
Alder trunks are often covered in lichens
Location: Fairfax, Virginia (Outdoors)
Location: Fairfax, Virginia (Outdoors)
Location: Nationale Plantentuin Meise (Meise Botanical Garden)
Location: F. R. Newman Arboretum, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Date: 07/31/2003
photo by Cornell Plantations via Cornell University Library's eCo
Location: Exton, Pennsylvania
Date: 2020-03-01
close-up of catkins in bloom

Date: 2014-08-11
Location: Female and male flowers
Date: 2016-02-29
Location: Botanical Garden Meise
Date: 2016-02-29
Location: Exton, Pennsylvania
Date: 2020-03-01
full-grown multi-trunked specimen
Location: Gallup Park, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Date: 2020-10-20
Male alder catkins
Location: Morton Arboretum along DuPage River in Lisle, IL
Date: summer in 1980's
a wild grove
Location: southeast Pennsylvania
Date: 2013-06-20
looking up a trunk
Location: Aurora, Illinois
Date: summer in 1980's
foliage

photo credit:  Anne Tanne
Location: Morton Arboretum
Date: May
credit: Bruce Martin
Location: Morton Arboretum
Date: May
credit: Bruce Marlin
Location: Botanical Garden Meise
Date: 2016-02-29
Male flowers
Location: Exton, Pennsylvania
Date: 2020-03-01
most multi-trunked specimen I've seen
Uploaded by treehugger
Location: Hinsdale, Illinois
Date: summer in 1980's
planted tree in landscape
Location: Aurora, Illinois
Date: winter in 1980's
young tree showing trunks and bark
Location: Aurora, Illinois
Date: winter in 1980's
purplish catkins and brown woody strobiles
Location: Exton, Pennsylvania
Date: 2020-03-01
catkin flowers
Comments:
  • Posted by ILPARW (southeast Pennsylvania - Zone 6b) on Nov 23, 2017 9:55 PM concerning plant:
    Native to much of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. It has escaped cultivation in eastern North America in some areas and has spread along watercourses and ponds, as I have seen them wild in northeast Illinois, southeast Pennsylvania, and Delaware. This tree of upright habit usually has a few trunks together, like many of its Birch relatives, but can also have just one trunk or can be more multi-trunked. It is sold by some larger diverse nurseries and makes a good-looking, adaptable landscape tree. Fast growing of about 2 to 2.5 feet/year.

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