General Plant Information (Edit)
Plant Habit: Tree
Life cycle: Perennial
Sun Requirements: Full Sun
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Water Preferences: Mesic
Dry Mesic
Soil pH Preferences: Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0)
Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5)
Neutral (6.6 – 7.3)
Slightly alkaline (7.4 – 7.8)
Minimum cold hardiness: Zone 4a -34.4 °C (-30 °F) to -31.7 °C (-25 °F)
Maximum recommended zone: Zone 7a
Plant Height: 15 to 18 meter (50-60 feet)
Plant Spread: 10 to 15 meter (35-50 feet)
Leaves: Good fall color
Unusual foliage color
Deciduous
Fruit: Edible to birds
Dehiscent
Other: In small amounts, the seeds are edible for humans. Large amounts can be harmful or toxic. However, the oil is of excellent quality and completely safe.
Fruiting Time: Fall
Late fall or early winter
Winter
Other: The seeds often persist on trees during the winter and serve as food for birds.
Flowers: Inconspicuous
Flower Color: Green
Flower Time: Spring
Suitable Locations: Street Tree
Uses: Windbreak or Hedge
Shade Tree
Salad greens
Suitable for forage
Useful for timber production
Edible Parts: Leaves
Seeds or Nuts
Eating Methods: Raw
Cooked
Dynamic Accumulator: K (Potassium)
Wildlife Attractant: Birds
Resistances: Powdery Mildew
Birds
Gophers/Voles
Squirrels
Toxicity: Other: See note about fruit.
Propagation: Seeds: Provide darkness
Stratify seeds: 3 months of cold stratification. Germinating seed is very prone to fungal diseases.
Depth to plant seed: 1 cm
Sow in situ
Can handle transplanting
Other info: Seeds are short viable, best to sow direct after ripening.
Pollinators: Wind
Miscellaneous: Monoecious

Image
Common names
  • European Beech
  • Common Beech
  • Beech

Photo Gallery
Location: RHS Harlow Carr, Yorkshire, UK
Date: 2017-11-11
Location: Twickel
Date: 2023-03-18
Location: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Location: Longwood Gardens in southeast PA
Date: 2014-10-03
trees in line getting some fall color
Location: West Chester, Pennsylvania
Date: 2008-07-29
trunk
Location: West Chester, Pennsylvania
Date: 2015-10-06
dead bark patches from beech bark disease
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-03-02
Location: RHS Harlow Carr, Yorkshire, UK
Date: 2017-11-11
Location: Newtown Square, Pennsylvania
Date: 2011-06-24
nut capsules and leaves
Location: Morlanwelz-Mariemont (Belgium), the European beech walk linking Morlanwelz to Mariemont
Date: 2007-03-10
Photo courtesy of: Jean-Pol GRANDMONT
Location: Morlanwelz-Mariemont (Belgium), the European beech walk linking Morlanwelz to Mariemont
Date: 2007-11-06
Photo courtesy of: Jean-Pol GRANDMONT
Location: Gent, Belgium
Date: 2007-11-09
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-11-09
Location: RHS Wisley, Surrey, UK.
Date: 2022-08-04
Location: South Jordan, Utah, United States
Date: 2018-10-12
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-05-22
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-11-09
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-04-22
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-03-02
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-06-19
Location: San Francisco Bay Area
Date: 2014-04-28
Blue Skies up Ahead

Photo by Leo Michels

Photo by Leo Michels

Photo by Leo Michels
Location: RHS Harlow Carr, Yorkshire, UK
Date: 2017-05-10
Location: Tillinghast Seed Company, La Conner, WA
Date: 2019-06-02
Planted in 1890, with a girth of over 12', claims to be the large
Location: Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid
photo credit: Alberto Salguero

Photo by Leo Michels

Photo by Leo Michels

Photo by Leo Michels
Location: My garden in Gent, Belgium
Date: 2012-03-26
Location: Gent, Belgium
Date: 2007-11-09
Location: Gent, Belgium
Date: 2007-11-09
In Autumn display
Location: Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
Date: 2007-03-02
Location: RHS Wisley, UK.
Bonsai
Location: La Hulpe (Belgium)
Date: 2010-10-18
Photo courtesy of: Jean-Pol GRANDMONT

Photo courtesy of: Lebrac

Photo courtesy of: © El Grafo / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Location: young leaves with hairs
Date: 2010-04-26
Photo courtesy of: Botaurus
Location: at the top of female bloom, at the bottom of the male bloom
Photo courtesy of: kKenraiz
Location: with canker
Date: 2007-10-28
Photo courtesy of: Frank Vincentz

Date: 2007-09-14
Photo courtesy of: Jean-Pol GRANDMONT
Location: Blaine TN
Date: 2011-03-24
It was a beautiful tree

Date: December
credit: Andrew Dunn
Location: Wallington Hall, Northumberland, UK
Date: 2015-02-24
Known as the "Blackett Beech" this is one of the tallest trees at
This plant is tagged in:
Image

Comments:
  • Posted by ILPARW (southeast Pennsylvania - Zone 6b) on Aug 1, 2018 9:12 AM concerning plant:
    The Common or European Beech is native to most of Europe. It is a beautiful, high quality tree that is expensive to buy at nurseries, being sort of slow growing of about 1 foot/year and the need to be transplanted carefully. It is not common in the US, but one can find some specimens planted at estates, well-to-do neighbourhoods, and town parks. Some larger, diverse, conventional nurseries sell some. its leaves are more rounded and smaller (to 4 inches long x 2.5 inches wide) than the American Beech and its smooth gray bark is darker than the American's. The European species is more adaptable to more landscapes than the American, having a larger range of tolerating heavier and less acid soils, though not as tolerant of the strong heat of the South. There is quite a number of different cultivars of this species that have variegated leaves, purple leaves, tricolor leaves, cut-leaf leaves, weeping forms, contorted forms, and combinations of all that. Unfortunately, there is a beech bark disease from Europe that can kill beech trees from a wooly aphid that punctures bark so that a coral spot fungus can invade and kill areas of bark, even girdling the whole trunk. I saw one large European Beech die that way in 2016 in West Chester, PA in a condominium landscape. I would say not to give up on beech trees.

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