| Plant Habit: | Shrub Tree |
| Life cycle: | Perennial |
| Sun Requirements: | Full Sun Full Sun to Partial Shade Partial or Dappled Shade |
| Water Preferences: | Wet Mesic Mesic Dry Mesic |
| Soil pH Preferences: | Strongly acid (5.1 – 5.5) Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0) Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5) |
| Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 7b -15 °C (5 °F) to -12.2 °C (10 °F) |
| Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 11 |
| Plant Height: | 18 to 50 feet |
| Plant Spread: | 15 to 25 feet (4.6-7.6m) |
| Leaves: | Evergreen Fragrant Other: Used for tea and for flavoring meats and soups; can be used as a substitute for store bought bay leaf. |
| Fruit: | Other: Dark blue to black shiny drupe |
| Fruiting Time: | Late summer or early fall |
| Flowers: | Inconspicuous |
| Flower Color: | Green Other: Yellowish green |
| Bloom Size: | Under 1" |
| Flower Time: | Spring Late spring or early summer Summer Late summer or early fall |
| Underground structures: | Taproot |
| Uses: | Windbreak or Hedge Shade Tree Culinary Herb Useful for timber production |
| Edible Parts: | Leaves |
| Eating Methods: | Culinary Herb/Spice |
| Wildlife Attractant: | Bees Birds Butterflies |
| Resistances: | Humidity tolerant Drought tolerant Salt tolerant |
| Propagation: Seeds: | Stratify seeds: in moist sand or peat for one month at 41 degrees - sow in spring Days to germinate: if sown fresh in situ they will germinate in several months Sow in situ |
| Pollinators: | Bees Wind |
| Containers: | Not suitable for containers |
| Miscellaneous: | Tolerates poor soil |
