Consider clumping bamboo. Once established, it grows pretty quickly. We use it to screen from a highway. It reaches about 15 feet high and is very dense.
It must be the clumping variety, not running. Clumping varieties will form a tight clump. Ours are about 3 feet in diameter at the top. It of course spreads a little as it grows upward. What we have makes culms (stalks) up to one inch diameter at the base.
You need to find a source that will make sure you match a variety to your climate. There are many varieties from all over the world. Ours handles freezing temperatures and blistering summers, asking only water in the worst of the summer. It's evergreen. And with not too much effort, just some reading, you can easily root cut sections in soil and start more clumps. I cut up a few, got them rooted with about 60 percent success, and have planted them out to fill in a screen where some silverberry bushes died out.