Sorry - I actually went out in the middle of winter to make a layer and get an image to show someone on another forum site how to prepare a layer. I was talking about the ringed bark method and the tourniquet method. It was cold enough that I thought I'd kill 2 birds with one stone ...... so the zip ties are a form of a tourniquet. Like the wire on the second image of this Japanese maple layered off of it's ugly seedling roots
See the old root mass below the upper roots?
Here, the lower root mass has been removed by sawing through the former trunk just below the layer. The wire tourniquet is still in place and has served its purpose.
You can even get roots to grow exactly where you want them to be, as they are in the image above. This is how I did that:
Roots of trees grown from seeds are usually always ugly and one-sided. Roots of cuttings (and layers) are usually much, much better.
Al