A few plants that have tolerated similar conditions here would be certain daylilies (Hemerocallis fulva 'Europa', the "ditch lily", thrives naturalized at the sides of the roads here), the variegated grass Phalaris arundinacea 'Picta', Bee Balm (Monarda) and Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla mollis). All except the latter are liable to try and take over if they are happy though. The more "civilized" non-rhizomatous daylily cultivars might be trial and error to find those which don't mind both the cold winters and being under water for part of the year. You could also ask on the Daylily Forum here for any suggestions.
Edited to add, there are some shrubs which are colourful and also tolerate being wet in spring, the Japanese variegated willow (Salix 'Hakuro Nishiki') and purple-leaved ninebark (e.g. Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diablo') will both tolerate being under water in spring but would need pruning if size is an issue.