I am a notorious non-fertilizer - my plants get fed once a year whether they need it or not.
When plants are growing out in the wild, nobody is coming by with a fertilzer can. We (plant owners) have been swept up by the hype from fertilzer companies - we have been trained to think our plants need a constant supply of food. They really don't.
If you do want to keep a regular schedule for fertilizing your plants, cut down on the strength (maybe 1/3 to 1/4 the recommended dose) of your fertilzer mix. Plants in pots just can't use all that food.
To answer your last question, if your fertilizer is high in nitrogen, it will cause lush green leaves but no flowers.