Scott...
My brother called me and said, "I have white feathers growing all over my palm". You too have white feathers growing all over your palm.
Mealy bugs! Incredibly hard to get rid of. I will ask you what I asked him.... How attached are you to this plant? If not very, carefully place it in a garbage bag and stick it in the trash can.
Mealy bugs hide everywhere - they get into the surface of furniture, the pores of the pot, the growth tips of the plants and the soil. They travel to other plants in gentle breezes or by just floating over to them.
I can't tell how big your palm is; it looks like a pygmy date palm. If you are going to save it, fight those feathery little critters aggressively. Take it out of the pot, get rid of the soil and soak the whole plant in a bucket of insecticidal soap. Scrub the pot and then run it threw the dish washer. Wash the table with more insecticidal soap.
If you see places that look like quite a few feathers sitting together, that is a mealy bug nursery. Its always exciting to discover you have a breeding population.
Daisy