Do you know which Helianthus it is? Some are listed as susceptible so it could be a possibility but it would be more definitive if we had the species name. Do you see any flowers that are worse, like with short rays and mostly green?
@sooby, Hi Sue! There is no green on the flowers, just these uneven pop ups of yellows. I bought this at a Farmer's stand so it does not have a name. I guess the person who sold these at the stand grew them in their home garden.
Other than the unusual flower forms, the shrub is healthy. There is no yellowing or curling leaves. I don't know about leafhoppers but I have seen grasshoppers in the bed.
Aster yellows is caused by a phytoplasma, a kind of bacteria, that is transmitted by leafhoppers which is why I asked about them. If there are no other symptoms and no sign of leafhoppers I might just keep an eye on the plants. Do you have any other plants susceptible to aster yellows?
Thank you so much, Sue! I will keep an eye on it. I do have coneflowers, asters, and mums that are susceptible to aster yellows. As soon as I see any green growths or yellowing of leaves, I will remove it.