Does a raised bed count as "in the ground" or as a "container"? I grow almost entirely in raised beds because not even weeds thrive in my clay-and-rock "soil".
I would say an RB is "the ground" as long as the floor is open to something more permeable than rock. Even if a raised bed is on top of heavy heavy clay that water runs right off, it still counts as "ground".
On the other hand, if you put down a floor of heavy plastic to keep roots out of the bed, I think you have to call it a very big, long planter.
What about a "lasgna bed" laid on top of heavy cardboard? Still "ground", I think, because water will pass through corrugated cardboard and hence there is no perched water. And the cardboard surely disintegrates in a year or two.
