Thank you Evan for your research!
I have made a screenshot of the Flora do Brasil page (sometimes the site is not reachable, maybe because they're working on it)
I didn't find any reliable photos on the web of Xanthosma taioba, but info that its habitat is tropical dry forest, so I can exlude that one too, as my plant is found in the rain forest.
http://e-monocot.org/taxon/urn...
So what's left I think is Xanthosoma maximillianii .., don't you think we could take the Flora do Brasil as the authority for its spelling and also for the listed species?