Hi, Elza.
to ATP.
Tough question. I wouldn't think any rose plant would be happy living inside a home for any extended period of time. Your winter conditions appear to be similar to mine, with the exception of snow cover days. If a particular rose plant were special enough to me that I would attempt to keep it over in an apartment-type setting I think I'd try to mimic the trenching style that's sometimes done (in-ground) with marginally hardy varieties. Perhaps bury it in a large, open tub to which drainage holes have been added and then leave the tub on the balcony and hope for the best? I know that I've had rose plants survive a winter this way, but they were in a sheltered area behind a garage that held snow nearly all winter long. Not knowing how your balcony fares in this respect would likely be my most critical question and concern.
