| Plant Habit: | Shrub Tree |
| Life cycle: | Perennial |
| Sun Requirements: | Full Sun to Partial Shade Partial or Dappled Shade |
| Water Preferences: | Mesic Dry Mesic Dry |
| Soil pH Preferences: | Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5) Neutral (6.6 – 7.3) Slightly alkaline (7.4 – 7.8) |
| Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 5a -28.9 °C (-20 °F) to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) |
| Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 8b |
| Plant Height: | 6 to 30 feet |
| Plant Spread: | 10 to 15 feet |
| Leaves: | Evergreen Broadleaf Other: Foliage may bronze in winter when exposed to high sunlight. Cuttings are favored for holiday decorations. |
| Fruit: | Dehiscent Other: Globose 3-lobed capsule containing 3 to 6 seeds. |
| Flowers: | Inconspicuous Fragrant |
| Flower Color: | Other: Greenish-yellow |
| Bloom Size: | Under 1" |
| Flower Time: | Spring Late spring or early summer |
| Uses: | Windbreak or Hedge Provides winter interest |
| Wildlife Attractant: | Bees |
| Resistances: | Deer Resistant Rabbit Resistant Humidity tolerant Drought tolerant |
| Toxicity: | Leaves are poisonous Other: May cause contact dermatitis in some individuals. |
| Propagation: Seeds: | Provide darkness Days to germinate: irregular, can take up to 7 months Depth to plant seed: 0.5 cm Suitable for wintersowing Sow in situ Start indoors Can handle transplanting |
| Propagation: Other methods: | Cuttings: Stem |
| Pollinators: | Flies Bees Various insects |
| Containers: | Suitable in 3 gallon or larger Needs excellent drainage in pots |
| Miscellaneous: | Monoecious |
| srinehart | On May 26, 2018 | Obtained plant Purchased at Hamlet Farms, Sheridan, NY |
| aspenhill | On March 11, 2023 | Obtained plant Meadows Farms - qty 7 |
