I've planted bulbs in well draining pots of various sizes and the pots are made out of plastic, resin, or clay. I pot them with potting soil, and they're fertilized with Bulb Food and left outside all winter. I don't water them, I let Mother Nature take care of that for me.
We do get many days of freezing temps. I've not had any problems with the bulbs rotting.
Good luck if you try again this year!