
AND

another Reno gardener!
I'm not familiar with this particular cactus but I did a little reading about it.
Are the brown areas as the base of the main stem new? Are they soft when you push your finger against them? If not, it could be the beginning of the aging process of cactus calling corking.
Your soil looks like the right stuff but I suspect two things:
Some of the damage looks mechanical - the cactus got bumped or poked or dropped and what you are seeing is scarring.
The white crescent shaped areas at the tops of the pads look like sunburn. If you placed it directly in the south window, that may have been too sudden a move to bright light. It was living in a greenhouse and then lived in a dark box for a period of time.
If you stick your fingers into the soil and can't feel moisture, it is time to water. Don't let it sit in water though.