Hi! I just received this aloe plant from a friend. It looks a little off and maybe too big for the pot to me? However, she said it was fine and that she had it outside and watered once a week. Just looking for some more opinions! Thank you

I would move the whole thing up one size (not more) or separate the two plants, if it's not too hard. Not immediately, though. Wait a while and let them get adjusted to their current situation before you make any moves.

If and when you do unpot them, time it for when the soil is dry. Be extra gentle when handling the roots. Maybe shake off some of that soil if it comes off easily, because it's kind of rich. Use a mix with half rock (you can buy bagged cactus mix or add perlite/pumice to regular potting soil). Make sure the new pot has a hole at the bottom and ideally is wider than tall. And most importantly do not water immediately after potting up your aloes... wait a week or maybe more if you really injured them.

Your aloes will survive lots of sun but probably do much better for now given some protection. Especially overhead. If that balcony has a roof, great.

Succulents do well in smallish pots, it makes it easier for you not to over water them. Always wait until the soil is quite dry before watering and be sure the pot has an unobstructed drain hole at the bottom. It will definitely prefer to be outside in a bright spot.

Pay attention to Baja, I am no expert.

The leaf color looks very poor. Was it exposed to cold temps or outside sun after being inside? Otherwise, I would be concerned about the condition of the roots from improper watering.