Someone recently sent us a Northern red oak tree. We bought some land and will be building a new home in the next few years, so I don't want to plant it where we're at now. Can I put it in a large pot for a few years? If so, should I bring it inside for the winter or do something else to overwinter it? Any other considerations? Thanks!

You should be able to keep it in a pot for several years. It might need to be stepped up to a larger pot as it grows.
Even though Quercus rubra is very hardy I think it would be best to keep it in a very cold garage or similar environment during winter in your area.
I grow several oaks in pots here in TN until I'm ready to plant and even I have lost some during winter.
Alternatively you could put the pot in the ground for winter and mulch. Just be sure to not leave it there after winter because it will start sending roots into the ground making it difficult to remove.