Decent looking A.arabicum & well formed .... all looks good at this end - good job
the leaves yellowing & falling off are all normal ...and true, it is from the changes in both temperature and
light ....this phase, or period signals that your plant has entered dormancy ....
Basically - dormancy means the plant isn't doing anything ...it is "surviving" off its stored reserves from the caudex ...so during dormancy, the caudex may begin to look "shriveled", and may even look like a raisin ....
and a "potting medium" cavity may form around the now shrunk caudex - that too is normal
the sun will continue decreasing in intensity as it "falls" lower in the sky
to answer your first question ...leaves may re-emerge during dormancy...that too is normal and is the plants response to warm indoor temperatures ...those leaves may, or may not make it all the way through the winter -
When spring returns .... and the plant is back outside soaking up the sun, its warmth, getting frequent water and fertilizer - leaf and stem growth will return ...
a rule of thumb - adenium take their time doing anything - everything seems to take forever ...patience is key
trips in & out under a warm sun wont hurt ....but, as you say, will add stress ....but as long as the plant is not subjected to freezing temperatures, or sustained temps into the 40's or upper 30's the plant will be okay
Once inside - Water thoroughly one last time ....making certain water is flowing from the drain hole at bottom of pot -
also "adding warmth" is not necessary as indoor temps are actually too warm
the next step - is stop watering for 60 to 75 days (as long as 3 months - 90 days) - mark the day on a calendar & resist the urge to water - watering at this stage can lead to root rot or kill the plant
Place in a south, east or west facing window or under a grow light (for about 10-to-12 hours a day....a timer helps keep things consistent))
when the end of the "no water" 60 to 75 day cycle (or 90 days) has come ....water thoroughly - allow to drain completely, then reset the 60 75 90 day cycle again
wait for spring to return plant outside
winter or summer - never allow a potted adenium to "sit" in a saucer of water
During the winter months .... you may, and I stress "may", get a treat with some flowering