Your balcony picture is just lovely. Should be on a calendar or a magazine cover.
I agree with Hetty, though, unless you have several hours of direct sunlight, it will be difficult to grow much in the way of edibles. In winter, maybe you can grow a planter of greens like lettuce, spinach or kale though. Earth Box makes a very nice white planter that would fit with your theme, and be a great way to grow some cool season stuff, or leafy herbs like chives, parsley and cilantro in the warmer months.
What direction does the balcony face? If it faces south, you'll have sun in the winter, but pretty much full shade all summer. A good thing for keeping the area cool, but not a great thing for plants that want sun to flower or bear fruit or vegetables.
Another thing to keep in mind, with your artistic flair for arrangement is that with any luck all your plants will grow. So be prepared to do some pruning to keep them from taking over the place. For decorative purposes, I'd stick to foliage plants that tolerate mostly shade.
