I am not great in math either. When most of my friends took algebra in the 9th or 10th grade, I took it in the 12th. Then only because it was required.
Let me see if I can make this clearer. Let's say 1 part equals one cup. Your make the concentrate using 1 cup of sugar and 1 cup of water for a total of 2 cups. Now you want to make the final mix to put out for the birds. You use 1 cup of concentrate and 3 cup of water. The problem is your concentrate is only half sugar which means your 1 cup of concentrate only contains 1/2 cup of sugar, the other half is water. So your final 4 cup mix would contain 3 1/2 cups water and 1/2 cup sugar.