Don't be nervous, your 50% shade setup should be good. Ideally you could take the shade cloth away at the start of fall so the plants get good light during the darker months.
Ech. agavoides is a really tough plant which survives incredible abuse. That said, just don't go crazy overwatering your Echeverias when it gets hot like that. The critical time to watch is when nighttime temps stay high. That's when they really just shut down, and you don't want to water them then.
The first plant looks like it got bumped and dropped a couple of leaves. I wouldn't worry too much about that, it will grow a stem over time and that's a pretty normal part of aging.
The white powder goes along with sun exposure and there is no other way I know of to make it happen. The blushing ones also do it with sun, maybe also with cold stress? No experience with that here given our mild climate. If you want good colors on your Echeverias, give them the most sun they can take without dwarfing or collapsing in the heat. There is some trial and error involved but filtered/diffused light is kindest of all. (Like when we get our usual coastal fog, the intensity is about half normal and it comes from every direction in the sky. Just exactly what my succulents like.
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The bumpy aloes (and a lot of aloes actually) will tend to curl up their leaves when they are experiencing heat or drought stress, sometimes they might do this right after transplanting when the roots have been injured or they are not able to uptake water. The aloes here tend to do this every summer during our annual drought and after the first few times I decided it wasn't a big deal, because they come right back every fall when it rains. Reversible usually. Your plants may be in crisis or they may just be pouting.
I suspect the latter.
