I tried potting one of the papayas that grew in the garden, it didn't grow. But starting it in a pot in fall or winter, THEN putting it out for summer- just maybe you can get a fruit? And any other tropical fresh fruit with obvious seeds.
I am interpreting the original question as 'What can I grow cheap, commonly found in the store, big interesting looking plant."
As mentioned, a lot of whole dry beans may grow, likely a vine with flowers. You can test them in a wet paper towel for a few days, look for a root to emerge.
