>> I tried leaf lettuce, from seed, in pots again this year. At first, I thought I had low germination from old seed, so I resowed with fresh seed. Even that is not doing well.
Maybe shading the pots or the soil would help germination. A pot would warm up much faster than soil in the ground. It would also have bigger daily temperature swings.
From what I read, lettuce likes cool soil for germination, and germinates quite poorly in soil over 75 F.