Thanks for the link! That's a long list. I had to think for a while before filing it under "cover crops" instead of "weeds"!
I could start with those names that I recognize as "weeds" or don't recognize as "crops".
That list identifies elements each crop accumulates particularly well. I would look up which ones thrive in what soil types, drought tolerance, what temperatures or seasons, and how easy they are to uproot cleanly before going to seed. Maybe the way to tell where they are easy to grow is to research where they are considered invasive!
Here are some names I recall, some from Dave's podcast:
Yarrow
Valerian
Tansy
Sorrel
Shepherd's Purse
Sorrel
Savory
Purslane
Pig Weed
Lamb's Quarters
Henbit
Dandilion
Comfrey
Chickory
Chickweed
Cattail
Burdock
Borage