Dirt, if the F. persica was correctly treated before it reached you, it should have bloomed the first year at least, provided you got them into the ground rather early so they could root properly. My first step during summer dormancy would be to dig the bulb and have a look at it. See if it is healthy, of good size and check if it has divided or not.
Ian Young noted in a bulb blog that the bulbs of F. persica divided every year for him:
http://www.srgc.org.uk/logs/lo...
I don't know if this is typical for F. Persica as I would assume different clones might behave differently, but if it is prone to dividing, then I think that annual replanting into fertile soil is the way to go. Otherwise one could end up in a pattern where the bulbs divides all the time, but never reaches flowering size.
Ian young also experienced the same problem as you and Lilli with aborted flowers in the greenhouse, but the one planted in the garden was fine. He was unsure what the reason behind this was. Could have been the bulb in the greenhouse was smaller or something he did:
http://www.srgc.org.uk/bulblog...
He also notes that warm temperatures in late spring is crucial for next years flower formation. This is a bit earlier than I thought as usually warm summer temperatures is all that is needed for most bulbs, but if this is correct then it could certainly explain lack of bloom or very few blooms on returning F. persica in my own area.