My initial thought (after Janet's awesome work with Google) was that the original tree might be an ash. If all three sick trees were the same and all marked with green paint, I wondered if they had the Emerald ash borer. I did a Google search and found this page for Arlington Heights, which is apparently a suburb of Chicago. Green dots in that area mean a tree has Emerald ash borer and is marked for removal:
http://patch.com/illinois/arli...
So it's quite possible they are, or rather were, ash trees. Not that that helps the ID of the plant growing around the stump other than that it's not from the stump. So far I haven't managed to come across anything with similar palmately compound leaves other than Rodgersia and Aesculus.
A picture of some youngish ashes affected by the EAB:
https://extension.umd.edu/hgic...
