I wouldn't go with any really fast growing tree because they tend to be soft and brittle and break in snow storms:
I would never plant a silver maple (pictured above), polar, cottonwood or willow for that reason. The above tree came with the house and it drops branches every year. Cottonwoods and other poplar type trees seem to be good at eventually developing heart rot around here.
Oaks may be slow growing, but they are sturdy and don't easily break I love my Norway (hard) maple. Other hard maples, such as sugar maples are good too. Maples tend to spread their branches out more than the oaks do so provide more shade. Locusts are nice and open so they provide a more filtered shade.
