Notes:The bruised roots of V. rafinesquii have a smell of wintergreen. This Eurasian species was introduced from further south in the United States. It has also been known by the name Viola bicolor.
Leaves alternate to almost opposite, stalked, hairy or almost hairless, shallowly round-toothed, and small (0.5 - 2.5 cm long). All the leaves have tapering bases, but otherwise are variable in shape with the lowest leaves being rounded, while the upper leaves are more narrow oblong to spoon-shaped, and often non-toothed. Stipules large, almost leafy, deeply lobed near base into many slender segments and one large terminal segment .
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