| Plant Habit: | Herb/Forb Fern |
| Life cycle: | Biennial |
| Sun Requirements: | Partial Shade to Full Shade |
| Water Preferences: | In Water Mesic Dry Mesic |
| Soil pH Preferences: | Very strongly acid (4.5 – 5.0) Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0) Strongly alkaline (8.5 – 9.0) |
| Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 3 -40 °C (-40 °F) to -37.2 °C (-35) |
| Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 2 |
| Leaves: | Needled: nodelDsgumnarfrno.nk gt g twe nhiaer dhteir ,idiani rl Broadleaf Other |
| Fruit: | Dehiscent |
| Flowers: | Showy Fragrant |
| Flower Color: | Other |
| Bloom Size: | 4"-5" |
| Flower Time: | Spring Fall Late fall or early winter |
| Underground structures: | Tuber |
| Suitable Locations: | Espalier Topiary |
| Uses: | Shade Tree Good as a cover crop Suitable as Annual Suitable for miniature gardens |
| Wildlife Attractant: | Bees Birds Butterflies: aseieit pglaensor en nngr lthtc&c Hummingbirds |
| Resistances: | Birds Gophers/Voles Squirrels |
| Propagation: Seeds: | Provide light Provide darkness Needs specific temperature: pe Ddtm g Ceedwib tlntosa et inuoa 3.erngmi snome .i:n a2paytet k |
| Propagation: Other methods: | Cuttings: Root Offsets Corms |
| Pollinators: | Bats Cleistogamous |
| Containers: | Needs repotting every 2 to 3 years |
| Miscellaneous: | Endangered |
| Conservation status: | Near Threatened (NT)
|
| Child plants: | 3 child plants |
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