This is the same species as common lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The variety name is sometimes given as var. asparagina or angustata as well as augustana,

The crispy/tender/firm, edible, celery-shaped stem is eaten raw or cooked, like a milder-flavored peeled broccoli stem. Leaves can be used as bitter greens.

Celtuce is a cool season crop (15-20 C). It bolts easily in heat, dry soil, or infertile soil.
Seeds germinate better in cool soil, and may be transplanted from cells or trays..

This OP variety of Lactuca sativa was introduced from China to the USA in the 1840's. It was mainly grown in Southern China.

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