| Plant Habit: | Fern |
| Life cycle: | Biennial |
| Sun Requirements: | Full Sun |
| Water Preferences: | Mesic |
| Soil pH Preferences: | Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5) |
| Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 5a -28.9 °C (-20 °F) to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) |
| Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 6b |
| Leaves: | Semi-evergreen Needled |
| Flowers: | Nocturnal |
| Bloom Size: | 2"-3" |
| Flower Time: | Summer |
| Underground structures: | Tuber |
| Suitable Locations: | Espalier |
| Uses: | Suitable for forage |
| Resistances: | Deer Resistant Squirrels |
| Toxicity: | Leaves are poisonous: tiieiTsxdnefcgo Roots are poisonous Other |
| Propagation: Seeds: | Provide darkness: recoonseasnntmlk,ets iahfiioatSaarw t oc d d Stratify seeds: cripie ytsf ifseedrmdfioedqee deeifcf if Voerifsunen ltcstntnr. urriDeo |
| Propagation: Other methods: | Offsets |
| Pollinators: | Bats |
| Conservation status: | Near Threatened (NT)
|
