Plant Habit: | Shrub |
Life cycle: | Perennial |
Sun Requirements: | Full Sun Full Sun to Partial Shade |
Water Preferences: | Wet Wet Mesic Mesic |
Soil pH Preferences: | Strongly acid (5.1 – 5.5) Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0) Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5) Neutral (6.6 – 7.3) |
Minimum cold hardiness: | Zone 4a -34.4 °C (-30 °F) to -31.7 °C (-25 °F) |
Maximum recommended zone: | Zone 7b |
Plant Height: | 8-12 feet |
Plant Spread: | 6-9 feet |
Leaves: | Good fall color Unusual foliage color Deciduous Other: Obovate to elliptic dark-green leaves are grayish-green and hairy beneath. Foliage turns wine-red in autumn. |
Fruit: | Showy Other: Best fruit production usually occurs in full sun. Abundant purple fruits appear in dense clusters along the branches. Fruits ripen in late summer and persist throughout fall and well into winter. |
Fruiting Time: | Late summer or early fall Fall Late fall or early winter |
Flowers: | Showy Blooms on old wood |
Flower Color: | White |
Flower Time: | Spring |
Suitable Locations: | Bog gardening |
Uses: | Windbreak or Hedge Provides winter interest Erosion control Will Naturalize |
Edible Parts: | Fruit |
Eating Methods: | Raw Cooked |
Wildlife Attractant: | Bees |
Resistances: | Flood Resistant |
Toxicity: | Other: Tart berries, which are edible, best for jellies & jams |
Propagation: Seeds: | Stratify seeds: in moist peatmoss at 33 to 41 degrees for 90 days Other info: Plants reportedly come true from seed. |
Propagation: Other methods: | Cuttings: Stem Stolons and runners |
Pollinators: | Various insects |
Miscellaneous: | Tolerates poor soil Monoecious |